Deploy NFTs

This work is inspired by this blog

In this tutorial, we will create a non-fungible token (NFT) and deploy it to a public testnet.

ERC721 is a standard for representing ownership of non-fungible tokens, that is, where each token is unique such as in real estate or collectibles.

We will use Presets contracts in OpenZeppelin Contracts to create an ERC721 and deploy using Truffle.

Setting up the Environment

We begin by creating a new project.

$ mkdir mynft && cd mynft
$ npm init -y

Then we install OpenZeppelin Contracts which has an implementation of ERC721.

$ npm i --save-dev @openzeppelin/contracts

Next, we install a development tool for deployment, for this tutorial we will use Truffle but we could use any other tools such as Builder, Remix, or OpenZeppelin CLI.

$ npm i truffle

Getting the Contract Artifacts

We will set up our Solidity project using truffle init to create a contracts directory and configuration to connect to a network.

$ npx truffle init
Starting init...
================

> Copying project files to

Init successful, sweet!

We are going to use Preset ERC721PresetMinterPauserAutoId which is an ERC721 that is preset so it can be minted (with auto token ID and metadata URI), paused, and burned.

The Preset contracts have already been compiled, so we only need to copy the artifacts to the build/contracts directory.

$ mkdir -p build/contracts/
$ cp node_modules/@openzeppelin/contracts/build/contracts/* build/contracts/

Using your favorite editor create 2_deploy.js in the migrations directory with the following contents:

// migrations/2_deploy.js
// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
const ERC721PresetMinterPauserAutoId = artifacts.require("ERC721PresetMinterPauserAutoId");

module.exports = function(deployer) {
  deployer.deploy(ERC721PresetMinterPauserAutoId, "My NFT","NFT", "http://my-json-server.typicode.com/huangsuyu/nft/tokens");
};

Deploy the Contract to a Local Blockchain

We will use truffle develop to open a Truffle console with a development blockchain

Head over to https://faucet.bosagora.org/request/boa/your-address and request test BOA

$ npx truffle develop
Truffle Develop started at http://127.0.0.1:9545/

Accounts:
(0) 0xc7e4bbc4269fdc62f879834e363173aee7895f45

Private Keys:
(0) ef424b4dc91a9c9d6c1fc4ae0a50ce80668f3a955a7e982584b45577e2c70e27

Mnemonic: mechanic cannon setup general indicate people notable frown poet friend credit true

⚠️  Important ⚠️ : This mnemonic was created for you by Truffle. It is not secure.
Ensure you do not use it on production blockchains, or else you risk losing funds.

truffle(develop)> migrate

Compiling your contracts...
===========================
> Compiling ./contracts/Migrations.sol
> Artifacts written to /Users/Documents/work/mynft/build/contracts
> Compiled successfully using:
   - solc: 0.5.16+commit.9c3226ce.Emscripten.clang

Starting migrations...
======================
> Network name:    'develop'
> Network id:      5777
> Block gas limit: 6721975 (0x6691b7)

1_initial_migration.js
======================

   Deploying 'Migrations'
   ----------------------
   > transaction hash:    0x9a17a50e6efd52ba3e55245c76c52b065d20587add45aee732c233987033e567
   > Blocks: 0            Seconds: 0
   > contract address:    0x77409B688eA5461078a31450F3138EA8324F72C9
   > block number:        1
   > block timestamp:     1604387655
   > account:             0xc7e4bBc4269fdC62F879834E363173aeE7895F45
   > balance:             99.99616114
   > gas used:            191943 (0x2edc7)
   > gas price:           20 gwei
   > value sent:          0 BOA
   > total cost:          0.00383886 BOA


   > Saving migration to chain.
   > Saving artifacts
   -------------------------------------
   > Total cost:          0.00383886 BOA


2_deploy.js
===========

   Deploying 'ERC721PresetMinterPauserAutoId'
   ------------------------------------------
   > transaction hash:    0xc1a3994c2ad2ba706ac49934b4f480c7b3d9b94241f526afa2dfe91545145a4e
   > Blocks: 0            Seconds: 0
   > contract address:    0xEaB17D581552123695f03F12b09e378EE9463b44
   > block number:        3
   > block timestamp:     1604387655
   > account:             0xc7e4bBc4269fdC62F879834E363173aeE7895F45
   > balance:             99.92142266
   > gas used:            3694586 (0x385ffa)
   > gas price:           20 gwei
   > value sent:          0 BOA
   > total cost:          0.07389172 BOA


   > Saving migration to chain.
   > Saving artifacts
   -------------------------------------
   > Total cost:          0.07389172 BOA


Summary
=======
> Total deployments:   2
> Final cost:          0.07773058 BOA

truffle(develop)>

We can deploy our new NFT to our development blockchain using migrate.

truffle(develop)> migrate

Compiling your contracts...
===========================
> Everything is up to date, there is nothing to compile.



Starting migrations...
======================
> Network name:    'develop'
> Network id:      5777
> Block gas limit: 6721975 (0x6691b7)


1_initial_migration.js
======================

   Replacing 'Migrations'
   ----------------------
   > transaction hash:    0x5d71b0a45a0fe20e2ca645393bb44b83fbd47351c009c48be0b8b84b610fb3b7
   > Blocks: 0            Seconds: 0
   > contract address:    0x3797c825cAC4a1FA765F6D8cd7787fB195849555
   > block number:        1
   > block timestamp:     1590736865
   > account:             0x0445c33BdCe670D57189158b88c0034B579f37cE
   > balance:             99.99671674
   > gas used:            164163 (0x28143)
   > gas price:           20 gwei
   > value sent:          0 BOA
   > total cost:          0.00328326 BOA


   > Saving migration to chain.
   > Saving artifacts
   -------------------------------------
   > Total cost:          0.00328326 BOA


2_deploy.js
===========

   Replacing 'ERC721PresetMinterPauserAutoId'
   ------------------------------------------
   > transaction hash:    0x166d7b28f4afb949585b5a0e5b4151daa54acbcb70566b202fd62ab380a6650c
   > Blocks: 0            Seconds: 0
   > contract address:    0xDEE9411430c7Dd9b67fC6DA723DE729AdAB50AD7
   > block number:        3
   > block timestamp:     1590736866
   > account:             0x0445c33BdCe670D57189158b88c0034B579f37cE
   > balance:             99.92191642
   > gas used:            3697675 (0x386c0b)
   > gas price:           20 gwei
   > value sent:          0 BOA
   > total cost:          0.0739535 BOA


   > Saving migration to chain.
   > Saving artifacts
   -------------------------------------
   > Total cost:           0.0739535 BOA


Summary
=======
> Total deployments:   2
> Final cost:          0.07723676 BOA

We can then use our deployed contract.

truffle(develop)> nft = await ERC721PresetMinterPauserAutoId.deployed()
undefined

Interact With Your Token

The accounts that we can use were displayed when we started truffle develop

Token Metadata

We can call the contract to read token metadata such as name, symbol and baseURI

truffle(develop)> await nft.name()
'My NFT'
truffle(develop)> await nft.symbol()
'NFT'
truffle(develop)> await nft.baseURI()

Mint

We can send a transaction to mint tokens to a given account, from an account with the minter role. In our case we are minting from the account which deployed the token, which is given the minter role.

We will mint 1 NFT with token ID 0.

truffle(develop)> await nft.mint("0x0445c33bdce670d57189158b88c0034b579f37ce")
{ tx:
   '0xd301a60dbb8ac187687f6639f200d4e6f2cfa065923092b3940330e35a26421d',
  receipt:
   { transactionHash:
      '0xd301a60dbb8ac187687f6639f200d4e6f2cfa065923092b3940330e35a26421d',
     transactionIndex: 0,
     blockHash:
      '0x3ad3cfcb26da0c969e9d5a5414a5e90a91a3a862c9e9082afc38a0ec0f1a5d00',
     blockNumber: 5,
     from: '0x0445c33bdce670d57189158b88c0034b579f37ce',
     to: '0xdee9411430c7dd9b67fc6da723de729adab50ad7',
     gasUsed: 156470,
...

We can check the owner of the token and the token URI for the metadata

truffle(develop)> await nft.ownerOf(1)
'0x0445c33BdCe670D57189158b88c0034B579f37cE'
truffle(develop)> await nft.tokenURI(1)

Metadata

EIP-721 2 includes an optional metadata extension with a name, symbol and for each tokenID a tokenURI with can point to a JSON file with name, description and image for the given token ID.

How you create and host this metadata is up to you. I would suggest using a domain that you control to point to where you host the data so that you can move it as required.

For this tutorial, we will use My JSON Server where we can store a single JSON file in a GitHub repository that we can access via a fake JSON server.

Warning For production we need to store our metadata in a permanent location that can exist for the life of the token.

A sample JSON for tokenID 1 is: http://my-json-server.typicode.com/huangsuyu/nft/tokens/1

Deploy to a Public Testnet

Next we will deploy to Agora testnet .

To deploy, we will use the instructions for Connecting to Public Test Networks with Truffle

You will need the following:

RPC URL of TestNet
@truffle/hdwallet-provider installed
Configure truffle-config.js for TestNet
A funded testnet account and mnemonic
A secrets.json or another secret-management solution. Make sure you don’t commit this to GitHub!

My truffle-config.js has the following

     testnet: {
      provider: () => new HDWalletProvider(mnemonic, `https://testnet.bosagora.org`),
      network_id: 2019,
      confirmations: 10,
      timeoutBlocks: 200,
      skipDryRun: true
    },
    mainnet: {
      provider: () => new HDWalletProvider(mnemonic, `https://mainnet.bosagora.org`),
      network_id: 2151,
      confirmations: 10,
      timeoutBlocks: 200,
      skipDryRun: true
    },

Deploy to Agora Testnet

$ npx truffle migrate --network testnet

Compiling your contracts...
===========================
> Everything is up to date, there is nothing to compile.

Starting migrations...
======================
> Network name:    'develop'
> Network id:      5777
> Block gas limit: 6721975 (0x6691b7)


1_initial_migration.js
======================

   Deploying 'Migrations'
   ----------------------
   > transaction hash:    0x9a17a50e6efd52ba3e55245c76c52b065d20587add45aee732c233987033e567
   > Blocks: 0            Seconds: 0
   > contract address:    0x77409B688eA5461078a31450F3138EA8324F72C9
   > block number:        1
   > block timestamp:     1604387655
   > account:             0xc7e4bBc4269fdC62F879834E363173aeE7895F45
   > balance:             99.99616114
   > gas used:            191943 (0x2edc7)
   > gas price:           20 gwei
   > value sent:          0 BOA
   > total cost:          0.00383886 BOA


   > Saving migration to chain.
   > Saving artifacts
   -------------------------------------
   > Total cost:          0.00383886 BOA


2_deploy.js
===========

   Deploying 'ERC721PresetMinterPauserAutoId'
   ------------------------------------------
   > transaction hash:    0xc1a3994c2ad2ba706ac49934b4f480c7b3d9b94241f526afa2dfe91545145a4e
   > Blocks: 0            Seconds: 0
   > contract address:    0xEaB17D581552123695f03F12b09e378EE9463b44
   > block number:        3
   > block timestamp:     1604387655
   > account:             0xc7e4bBc4269fdC62F879834E363173aeE7895F45
   > balance:             99.92142266
   > gas used:            3694586 (0x385ffa)
   > gas price:           20 gwei
   > value sent:          0 BOA
   > total cost:          0.07389172 BOA


   > Saving migration to chain.
   > Saving artifacts
   -------------------------------------
   > Total cost:          0.07389172 BOA


Summary
=======
> Total deployments:   2
> Final cost:          0.07773058 BOA

Mint

We can send a transaction to mint tokens to a given account, from an account with the minter role.

truffle(develop)> nft = await ERC721PresetMinterPauserAutoId.deployed()
undefined

In our case we are minting from the account which deployed the token, which is given the minter role.

To see configured accounts run the command accounts.

truffle(testnet)> accounts
[ '0x133d144f52705ceb3f5801b63b9ebccf4102f5ed',

We will mint 1 NFT with token ID 1. Specify the address that you want to be the token holder (0xc7e4bBc4269fdC62F879834E363173aeE7895F45 is one of my test accounts)

truffle(testnet)> await nft.mint("0x133d144f52705ceb3f5801b63b9ebccf4102f5ed")
{ tx:
   '0x0d90d4a2a4ac3f33d5220deb11e8f65adf14a6669afd18abd4cce8ca7ab58e04',
  receipt:
   { blockHash: '0x724ba66bc1d799820c05a93ae67991b21bb769fd1e9dddd5db9f725f5f633331',
     blockNumber: 3333746,
     contractAddress: null,
     cumulativeGasUsed: 164785,
     from: '0x77737a65c296012c67f8c7f656d1df81827c9541',
     gasUsed: 164785,
...

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Last updated 2 years ago